Dolphins, like humans, rely on their teeth for everyday activities. Their teeth are essential not just for eating, but also for grasping objects and communicating through jaw movements. In the wild, dental health can affect a dolphin's ability to hunt, socialize, and survive. In captivity, poor dental care can lead to infection, loss of appetite, and serious health complications. That’s why dental hygiene is an important part of dolphin care in marine environments.
Unlike humans, dolphins only grow one set of teeth in their lifetime. They do not chew their food; instead, they swallow it whole. Most dolphins have between 80 to 100 conical-shaped teeth, depending on the species. Because they don’t replace lost teeth, damage or decay can be particularly harmful. Their teeth are also used for social behaviors, including displays of dominance or play.
Marine veterinarians regularly examine dolphin teeth as part of routine health assessments. Dolphins in managed care are trained to voluntarily open their mouths, making it easier for vets to inspect their gums and tooth surfaces. Tools like underwater cameras, soft brushes, and dental mirrors are commonly used. In some cases, digital x-rays may be taken to check for problems below the gumline.
Dolphins are trained using positive reinforcement to participate in their own health care. Trainers reward dolphins with fish or tactile stimulation when they perform behaviors like holding still or opening their mouths. This cooperative care reduces stress for the animal and allows vets to detect issues early. It also strengthens the trust between dolphins and their caretakers.
Some dolphins experience tooth wear from rubbing their teeth on pool walls or chewing on foreign objects. Others may suffer from broken or chipped teeth due to rough play or catching prey. Gum disease, known as periodontal disease, can occur if bacteria build up around the gumline. Untreated issues may lead to infection, abscesses, or even systemic illness.
Providing environmental enrichment and a well-balanced diet can reduce harmful behaviors and improve oral health. Caretakers may give dolphins toys designed to be tooth-safe or frozen fish to gently clean the teeth. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to preventing long-term dental damage. Here is a report showing some recent results for our three dolphins:
| Dolphin Name | Teeth Count | Last Cleaning | Health Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flipper | 88 | 2025-06-01 | Excellent |
| Splash | 86 | 2025-05-15 | Good |
| Echo | 90 | 2025-06-10 | Fair (plaque buildup) |
Research on dolphin dentistry is ongoing, and practices may vary between facilities and regions. Marine mammal specialists continue to develop new tools and methods for improving dental care. Ensuring dolphin welfare involves a team effort between trainers, vets, and researchers.